CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANKTON ABUNDANCE AND BIODIVERSITY IN SAPA BATU TAMUN SEAGRASS BEDS, BONTANG CITY

Fajar Anggita — 2026-06-30

The characteristics of abundance and biodiversity of plankton are related to their interactions in the seagrass ecosystem which forms the characteristics of the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the waters. The Sapa Batu Tambun seagrass is a seagrass meadow formed from the dredging activity of shipping channels. This study aims to determine the characteristics of abundance and biodiversity of plankton that interact with the Sapa Batu Tambun seagrass meadow in Bontang City. This study was conducted in May 2025 - January 2026. The research method used was a purposive sampling method at three research stations, namely the plankton community Before Seagrass Meadows (SPL), in Seagrass Meadows (PL), and After Seagrass Meadows (STPL). Data analysis included composition, plankton abundance, and community structure, seagrass composition and density, as well as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Correspondence Analysis (CA). The results of the study showed 5 classes of Phytoplankton with 15 species and 2 classes of Zooplankton with 14 species. Plankton abundance reached 91 Individuals/l or in moderate criteria. Seagrass meadows contribute to increasing plankton abundance by 15.39%.

ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVITY PER UNIT OF VOLUME IN TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) FARMING USING BIOFLOK TECHNOLOGY IN GARUT REGENCY

Nanda Helisa — 2026-06-30

Bioflox technology is an intensive aquaculture innovation that can improve space utilization efficiency through water management, stocking density, and the use of microorganisms in the rearing medium. This study aims to analyze productivity per unit volume in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) grow-out operations using biofloc technology in Garut Regency. This study was conducted in four sub-districts: Pangatikan, Sukawening, Wanaraja, and Kersamanah. The method used was a survey employing a quantitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation from 37 respondents representing a total of 81 biofloc pond units. Productivity per unit volume was calculated based on the ratio of total tilapia production to pond volume a single cultivation cycle. The results indicated that there were differences were influenced by variations in pond size, production volume, stocking density, seed quality, feed management, and water quality management. The highest productivity was found in Pangatikan Subdistrict at 21.7 kg/m³/cycle, while other subdistricts showed varying productivity values according to their respective technical aquaculture conditions. The findings of this study indicate that tilapia farming using biofloc technology in Garut Regency has good productivity potential because it can yield high production in limited pond volumes, however it still requires optimal technical management.

ENVIRONMENTAL DRIVERS SHAPING PLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE ACROSS DIVERSE COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS IN SEKOTONG MARINE PROTECTED AREA, INDONESIA

Widia Tri Utami — 2026-06-30

Plankton are crucial biological components driving the marine food web. This study aims to analyze the plankton community structure and identify the environmental drivers across diverse coastal ecosystems in Batu Putih Village, Sekotong Marine Protected Area (MPA), West Lombok. Field sampling was conducted in October 2025 across ten observation stations (encompassing mangrove, seagrass, coral reef, and anthropogenic zones) using a purposive sampling method. Data analysis included abundance, ecological indices (), and multivariate modeling via Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The results revealed that phytoplankton abundance ranged from 27 to 139 ind/L, peaking at the port area (ST10) and reaching its lowest in the coral reef ecosystem (ST5). Zooplankton abundance varied from 5 to 86 ind/L, with the highest concentration found in the mangrove ecosystem (ST8) and the lowest at ST1. The Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) and Copepoda groups emerged as the most dominant taxa. Generally, the diversity index was moderate with high evenness and low dominance, reflecting a relatively stable community. However, a community structure anomaly occurred at ST8, marked by a sharp decline in evenness () driven by the dominance of specific genera. The CCA ordination demonstrated that nitrate, phosphate, temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) are the primary environmental drivers governing the spatial distribution of plankton. These findings indicate that while coastal waters generally support a stable community, anthropogenic-driven water quality fluctuations in specific zones could trigger ecological vulnerabilities. Consequently, continuous monitoring of water quality and managing domestic waste disposal are crucial to ensuring the long-term sustainability of the Sekotong MPA.

LITERATURE REVIEW: FRESHWATER QUALITY AS A DETERMINANT OF SUSTAINABLE NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) AQUACULTURE: FOOD SECURITY POTENTIAL ON LOMBOK ISLAND, INDONESIA

Awan Dermawan — 2026-06-30

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) aquaculture is an important source of animal protein with the potential to support local food security in island regions such as Lombok Island; however, the sustainability of its production is heavily influenced by the quality of the freshwater used as the aquaculture medium. This study aims to analyze the role of water quality as a determining factor for the sustainability of tilapia farming and its contribution to regional food security. The research was conducted using a systematic literature review approach with a PRISMA-based selection procedure for scientific publications since 2014. The synthesis results indicate that key water quality parameters, such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, organic load, and nitrogen nutrient content, are consistently associated with the growth, health, and productivity of tilapia. Water quality degradation due to anthropogenic pressures has the potential to reduce the stability of aquaculture production and disrupt the availability of protein sources for the community. These findings underscore that water quality management is a key component of sustainable aquaculture systems and has strategic implications for efforts to strengthen local food security. This study provides a conceptual foundation for integrating water management policies with the development of adaptive and sustainable tilapia aquaculture.

REMEDIATION CAPACITY OF AQUATIC PLANTS FOR REDUCING ORGANIC LOAD AND NUTRIENTS IN NILE TILAPIA AQUACULTURE WASTEWATER

Devi Ulinuha — 2026-06-30

Nile tilapia aquaculture wastewater has the potential to pollute aquatic environments if it is discharged without prior treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the remediation capacity of selected aquatic plants in reducing organic load and nutrients in Nile tilapia aquaculture wastewater. The aquatic plants used in this study were water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), yellow velvetleaf (Limnocharis flava), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes). The control treatment consisted of wastewater without aquatic plants. Each treatment was performed in triplicate to obtain the mean and standard deviation values. The measured water quality parameters included total organic matter (TOM), nitrate, phosphate, bacterial abundance, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity. Leaf chlorophyll content of the aquatic plants was also measured. The results showed that water hyacinth reduced TOM by up to 37.5 ± 1.2%. Water spinach reduced nitrate by 81.0 ± 1.6%, while phosphate decreased by 79.4 ± 5.0%. The water spinach treatment showed the highest bacterial abundance on day 14, with an increase of (35.7 ± 2.0) × 10³ CFU/mL from the initial value. This treatment also had the lowest reduction in leaf chlorophyll content, at 6.7 ± 2.9%. Water quality conditions after the remediation process met the water quality standards for aquaculture. These findings indicate that water spinach and water hyacinth were the most effective aquatic plants for reducing organic load and nutrients, particularly nitrate and phosphate. Water spinach also showed relatively high tolerance to Nile tilapia aquaculture wastewater and was able to maintain its photosynthetic pigments under wastewater stress conditions.

PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF INTENSIVE WHITELEG SHRIMP (Penaeus vannamei) FARMING WITH BUSMETIK AND BUTAMIRA METHODS

Diah Ayu Satyari Utami — 2026-06-30

This study evaluated the production performance of intensive whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) farming using BUSMETIK (plastic pond, 1600 m²) and BUTAMIRA (household-scale pond, 250 m²) methods at the Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic of Jembrana, Bali. Shrimp were stocked at 370 individuals/m² (BUSMETIK) and 172 individuals/m² (BUTAMIRA) and cultured for 75 days (October–December 2023). Culture management included pond preparation, blind and demand feeding strategies, aeration, water quality control, and probiotic applications. Growth and production performance were assessed through survival rate (SR), average body weight (ABW), average daily growth (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and water quality parameters. Results showed that both systems supported stable water quality and effective shrimp growth. BUSMETIK ponds demonstrated higher productivity due to greater stocking density, while BUTAMIRA provided efficient production with lower operational inputs, making it suitable for household-scale adoption. Overall, both culture methods proved feasible for small-scale intensive shrimp farming, offering promising strategies to support Indonesia’s shrimp production targets and provide opportunities for smallholder farmers.

EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS CARROT FLOUR COMBINATION RATIOS IN COMMERCIAL FEED ON IMPROVING COLOR AND

Kadek Ade Sutawan — 2026-06-30

Goldfish (Carassius auratus) is an ornamental fish commodity with high economic value, whose market price is significantly influenced by visual quality, particularly color brightness. This study aimed to analyze the effect of adding carrot meal (Daucus carota) to commercial feed on the color brightness and growth of goldfish, as well as to determine the most optimal dose. The research was conducted for 60 days in Tukadmungga Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali, using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four treatments and three replications. The treatments administered were A (100% commercial feed), B (85% commercial feed + 15% carrot meal), C (80% commercial feed + 20% carrot meal), and D (75% commercial feed + 25% carrot meal). The observed parameters included color brightness, absolute growth in length and weight, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate (SR), and water quality. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at a 95% confidence level, followed by Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that the addition of carrot meal had a significant effect on improving the color brightness of goldfish (P < 0.05), with the highest increase observed in treatment D at 0.73 ± 0.08. However, treatments C (20%) and D (25%) were not significantly different; thus, the 20% dose was considered optimal. The addition of carrot meal did not significantly affect growth, SGR, or FCR (P > 0.05). The survival rate ranged from 87–100%, and water quality remained within the optimal range. Carrot meal has the potential to be used as a natural source of carotenoids to enhance the color brightness of goldfish without compromising growth and feed efficiency.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY OF SEAWEED FARMERS (Chlorophyta) IN SEJOLI VILLAGE, MOUTONG DISTRICT, PARIGI MOUTONG REGENCY

Mukhlisnah Djalil — 2026-06-25

Seaweed cultivation is a fisheries subsector with high economic value and plays an important role in improving the welfare of coastal communities. Sejoli Village, Moutong District, Parigi Moutong Regency has great potential in developing Chlorophyta seaweed, but faces obstacles such as limited capital, simple cultivation technology, and weak communication between farmers. This study aims to determine seaweed farmers' social and economic conditions in Sejoli Village. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with 25 respondents, selected based on the criteria of active farmers. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively. The results show that socially, the majority of farmers are of productive age (21–50 years), predominantly male (92%), have basic education, and have strong social interactions through cooperation activities and farmer groups. Economically, business capital ranges from IDR 4,000,000 to IDR 20,000,000 per planting season, total production costs IDR 101,160,000, total revenue IDR 197,405,000, and net income IDR 96,245,000 per cycle.

SUBTITUTION OF CORN MEAL WITH FERMENTED CORN COB MEAL IN TILAPIA FISH FEED (Oreochromis niloticus)

Sahrul Alim — 2026-06-30

Tilapia is a type of demersal fish that is often cultivated because it is very tolerant to environmental changes and grows quickly. Feed quality is very important for tilapia cultivation. The utilization of feed ingredients can be improved by using fermentation technology. The study aims to analyze the effect of the duration of cattle rumen fermentation on corn cob meal as a feed raw material on the performance of tilapia. This study was conducted in June – July 2025 at the Fish Production and Reproduction Laboratory of the Aquaculture Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram. The research method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments used in this study were control, corn cob fermentation for 5 days, corn cob fermentation for 10 days, and corn cob fermentation for 15 days. The tilapia were reared in 45-liter containers with a stocking density of 15 fish, and maintained for 45 days. The parameters used in this study were weight and length growth, survival rate, and water quality. The research results obtained showed that providing feed with different fermentations had a significant effect on the absolute length growth of tilapia, but did not have a significant effect on absolute weight and survival of tilapia.

GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF AMPHIPODS (Phronima sp.) CULTURED UNDER LOW-SALINITY CONDITIONS WITH DIFFERENT SALINITY LEVELS

Irnia Anggilia — 2026-06-30

This study aimed to determine the effect of different salinity levels on the growth and survival rate of Amphipoda (Phronima sp.) cultured under low-salinity conditions and to identify the most optimal salinity level for cultivation. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four salinity treatments, namely 15 ppt, 10 ppt, 5 ppt, and 0 ppt, with four replications each. Parameters observed included egg production, number of juveniles, population density, survival rate (SR), proximate analysis, and water quality. The results showed that salinity differences significantly affected the growth and survival of Phronima sp. The 15 ppt treatment produced the best results in terms of egg production, juvenile number, population density, and survival rate, while the 0 ppt treatment showed the lowest values for most observed parameters. The survival rate during the maintenance period ranged from 60.8% to 86.1%, with the highest value obtained at 15 ppt salinity. Proximate analysis also revealed that the 15 ppt treatment had higher protein and lipid contents compared to the other treatments. During the culture period, water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate remained within suitable ranges to support the growth and survival of the organisms. Based on the results, a salinity level of 15 ppt was considered the most optimal condition for culturing Phronima sp. under low-salinity conditions and has potential as an alternative natural feed source in aquaculture.

THE EFFECT OF PHYTOREMEDIATION OF Wolffia arrhiza ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NILE NILE FISH (Oreochromis niloticus) CULTIVATION

Anggi Soesalit — 2026-06-30

Kualitas air pada budidaya ikan sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ikan yang dibudidayakan. Penurunan kualitas air disebabkan oleh limbah organik dari sisa pakan yang tidak termakan dan hasil metabolit ikan, limbah tersebut umumnya didominasi oleh senyawa nitrogen dan senyawa fosfor. Solusi untuk mengatasi masalah dalam memperbaiki kualitas air adalah fitoremediasi (upaya pengolahan air limbah menggunakan tanaman). Tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai fitoremediator adalah W. arrhiza. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh fitoremediasi W. arrhiza terhadap kinerja budidaya ikan nila. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan tanaman uji W. arrhiza dengan yang jumlah berbeda yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1 (50 g/m²), P2 (150 g/m²) dan P3 (250 g/m²), ikan uji yaitu Ikan Nila. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kelompok Pembudidaya Ikan Cing Mina Fish Farm Kabupaten Bogor. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan selama 30 hari menunjukkan bahwa pemeliharaan ikan nila dengan sistem fitoremediasi menggunakan W. arrhiza memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan rasio konversi pakan (P<0.05), akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan panjang baku, pertumbuhan berat mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan harian (P>0.05). Perlakuan P3 menunjukan nilai tertinggi pada parameter tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan rasio konversi pakan dengan nilai 94,17±0,76% dan 1,3±0,09. Sedangkan pertumbuhan berat mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan mutlak tanaman uji mempunyai nilai tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan P1 dengan nilai 834±97,68 g dan 27,80±3,26 g.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BINTAN STRAIT WATERS, PENGUJAN VILLAGE, BINTAN REGENCY FOR CANTANG GROUPER CULTIVATION

Shavika Miranti — 2026-06-30

The cultivation of cantang grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) in the Bintan Strait using floating net cages (KJA) and fixed net cages (KJT) requires support from water physicochemical parameter data. The study was conducted at five observation points using a purposive sampling approach. Measurements of temperature, salinity, DO, pH, current, and depth were carried out directly (in situ). The observation results showed a temperature range of 27.3–31.8°C, DO > 5 mg/L, and salinity of 29–31 ppt, which are within the standard range for grouper cultivation. The current velocity parameters are moderate at 0.09–0.59 m/s and pH 8.6–8.9, which is slightly higher than the standard. Based on the data, the deepest point depth at low tide is only 3.0–3.4 m, so it is quite limited for KJA but does not affect KJT. Careful consideration is needed to cultivate cantang grouper in the Bintan Strait waters, especially in determining steps to overcome pH and currents that do not meet standard criteria.

EFFECT OF CHROMIUM PICOLINATE SUPPLEMENTATION IN ARTIFICIAL FEED ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF HOVEN'S CARP (Leptobarbus hoevenii) FINGERLINGS

Feby Yanti — 2026-06-30

This study evaluated the effects of dietary chromium picolinate (Cr-Pic) supplementation on the growth performance and feed efficiency of Hoven's carp (Leptobarbus hoevenii) fingerlings, and aimed to determine the optimal dosage. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied with four treatments and four replications: P0 (0 mg/kg), P1 (1.5 mg/kg), P2 (3.0 mg/kg), and P3 (4.5 mg/kg). The observed parameters included absolute weight gain, total length growth, specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The results showed that dietary Cr-Pic supplementation significantly affected (P<0.05) absolute weight gain, total length growth, and FCR, but had no significant effect on SGR. The best performance was observed in treatment P2 (3.0 mg/kg), which produced the highest growth and feed efficiency compared to other treatments. In conclusion, chromium picolinate supplementation at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg feed is recommended to improve growth performance and feed utilization efficiency in Hoven's carp fingerlings.

EVALUATION OF THE USE OF FILTER MEDIA FROM CHICKEN EGG SHELL AND GREEN MUSSELS SHELL WASTE ON NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) CULTIVATION IN THE RAS (RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEM)

Alif Kurniawan — 2026-06-30

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture faces water quality challenges due to the accumulation of metabolic waste and uneaten feed. Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) can improve water quality, but commercial filter media are relatively expensive for small-scale farmers. Waste materials such as mussel shells, eggshells, and zeolite have potential as economical alternatives. Therefore, research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of waste-based filter media in maintaining water quality and fish growth. This study aimed to analyze the effect of waste filter media in RAS on water quality and tilapia growth and to determine an economical alternative for small-scale farmers. A descriptive study was conducted for 28 days in Bungah Village, Gresik, using three filter media treatments. The treatments consisted of P1 (foam + mussel shell + bioball), P2 (foam + eggshell + bioball), and P3 (foam + zeolite + bioball) with a stocking density of 14 fish per aquarium. Observed parameters included pH, growth (WG, SGR), and FCR. Results showed that all treatments-maintained pH within the optimal range with minimal fluctuation. Treatments P1 and P3 produced higher growth compared to the others. FCR values in all treatments indicated good and relatively similar feed efficiency. Mussel shell and zeolite media provided more consistent biological performance. Eggshell media also maintained water quality although growth was slightly lower. Overall, waste-based filter media performed comparably to commercial filters. Waste filter media in RAS effectively maintained water quality and supported tilapia growth. Utilization of waste materials has potential as an economical alternative for small-scale farmers.

PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SARGASSUMBERS. EXTRACT FROM THE WATERS OF SUMBERKIMA VILLAGE, BALI

Dea Cristi Purba — 2026-06-30

THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF DISCUS FISH (Symphysodon spp.)

Abdul Wafi — 2026-06-30

Discus fish (Symphysodon spp.) are one of the popular freshwater ornamental fish with their beautiful colors. Environmental factors play an important role in the growth and survival of discus fish. This study aimed to examine the influence of environmental factors, namely water temperature, water quality, and feed availability, on the growth and survival of discus fish. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a 3×2×2 factorial arrangement and three replications. Parameters measured included body length, body weight, and survival rate (SR), as well as water quality parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, hardness, and conductivity). Data were analyzed using factorial ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test. The results showed that water temperature, water quality, and feed availability had highly significant effects (P<0.05) on the growth and survival of discus fish. The optimal water temperature for discus fish growth was 30 °C, yielding an average body length of 6.8 ± 0.6 cm and body weight of 18.2 ± 1.7 g. Aquarium water quality resulted in better growth and survival compared to tap water. Ad libitum feed availability produced the highest growth with an average body length of 6.7 ± 0.6 cm and body weight of 18.1 ± 1.7 g.

TOURISM SUITABILITY INDEX OF PERJIWA WATERFALL IN KUTAI KARTANEGARA REGENCY

Noorsheha Noorsheha — 2026-06-30

This study aims to analyze the level of tourism suitability and area carrying capacity as an ecological basis for managing the Perjiwa Waterfall tourism area in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive approach through field observations, spatial mapping, measurement of physical environmental parameters, and distribution of structured questionnaires to 33 visitors. Data analysis included the calculation of the Tourism Suitability Index (TSI) for three recreational activities and the Area Carrying Capacity (ACC) based on spatial-temporal limits. The results revealed that before the rain, the tourism suitability index for sitting/relaxing and viewing scenery was classified as highly suitable (S1), while water activities were classified as suitable (S2). However, after rainfall, the suitability for water activities significantly dropped to unsuitable (S3) due to a drastic increase in turbidity and water current velocity. The ecological carrying capacity calculation showed that the maximum threshold of visitors that the ecosystem can accommodate is 858 people per day across all activities. Management recommendations focus on implementing a strict daily visitor quota and early warning systems during adverse weather to maintain ecological sustainability and visitor safety.

COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT: SUITABILITY AND CARRYING CAPACITY INDICES OF PANGANDARAN EAST COAST, WEST JAVA

Shafira Bilqis Annida — 2026-06-17

This study aims to evaluate the tourism suitability index and carrying capacity of the Pangandaran East Coast area, West Java, as a tourist destination based on beach recreation and marine activities. This research was conducted in April 2025. The research method involved primary data collection through field surveys of environmental parameters such as beach conditions, water quality, and supporting facilities, as well as secondary data from relevant agencies. The analysis was conducted using a quantitative descriptive approach with the tourism suitability index formula and the carrying capacity of the area. The results showed that Pangandaran East Beach has a tourism suitability index for beach tourism, camping and swimming activities in a row of 97.3%; 91.7%; 85.9% which is classified in the “very suitable” category. The carrying capacity of the area for beach recreation activities was calculated at 253 people/day, then for swimming activities at 189 people/day and camping at 710 people/day which reflects the maximum capacity of visitors that can be received without disturbing the beach ecosystem or reducing the quality of the tourist experience. This approach provides important recommendations for tourism managers to optimize the management of visitor numbers and improve supporting facilities to maintain the sustainability of the area. With calm beach characteristics and good accessibility, Pangandaran East Beach has great potential as a leading destination in West Java for marine recreation. This research is expected to be a reference for the development of sustainable tourism policies in coastal areas.

THE EFFECT OF SOAKING IN KETAPANG LEAVES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY PERFORMANCE AND COLOR QUALITY OF ZEBRA FISH (Danio rario)

Asrullah Akbar Anwar — 2026-06-17

Zebra fish (Danio rerio) is a widely cultivated ornamental freshwater species valued for its distinctive body stripes. However, color fading during the rearing period remains a common problem for fish farmers. Ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa) contain various bioactive compounds, including tannins, flavonoids, and saponins, which are known to improve fish health and potentially enhance pigmentation. This study aimed to determine the effect of ketapang leaf soaking water on the improvement of color quality in Zebra fish (Danio rerio). The research was conducted for 28 days using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications: A (control/100% freshwater), B (25% ketapang leaf extract), C (50%), D (75%), and E (100%). The observed parameters included survival rate, absolute length growth, absolute weight growth, color quality, and water quality (pH, DO, and temperature). Color quality was assessed using visual color grading and evaluation by 50 panelists. The results indicated that the use of ketapang leaf soaking water significantly influenced the enhancement of color quality in Zebra fish. Treatment D (75% ketapang leaf soaking water) produced the highest color brightness score, both visually and based on panelist assessments. The highest survival rate was recorded in treatment E (100%), while the highest weight growth occurred in treatment A (control). Water quality parameters, including pH, DO, and temperature, remained within optimal ranges for Zebra fish culture throughout the study

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HONEY, COCONUT WATER, AND METHYL TESTOSTERONE IN THE MASCULINIZATION OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)

Nur Islamiyah — 2026-06-17

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan efektivitas madu, air kelapa, dan metil testosteron dalam proses maskulinisasi ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu kontrol (P1), metil testosteron (P2), air kelapa (P3), dan madu (P4). Parameter yang diamati meliputi persentase maskulinisasi, survival rate (SR), berat mutlak, specific growth rate (SGR), serta kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan metil testosteron menghasilkan tingkat maskulinisasi tertinggi sebesar 90,29% ± 3,97, diikuti oleh madu sebesar 70,79% ± 13,34, air kelapa 49,29% ± 8,61, dan kontrol 35,97% ± 8,64. Nilai SR berkisar antara 68–78% dan masih tergolong baik. Pertumbuhan ikan yang diamati melalui berat mutlak dan SGR tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata antar perlakuan, meskipun nilai tertinggi cenderung diperoleh pada perlakuan madu. Parameter kualitas air selama penelitian berada dalam kisaran optimal untuk pemeliharaan ikan nila. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, metil testosteron merupakan perlakuan paling efektif dalam maskulinisasi, sedangkan madu berpotensi sebagai alternatif bahan alami yang lebih ramah lingkungan.

ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATES FROM THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) FROM LAKE RANAU, WEST LAMPUNG AS PROBIOTIC CANDIDATES

Hilma Putri Fidyandini — 2026-06-17

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivated in Lake Ranau, West Lampung, possesses several superior characteristics, including good growth performance, thick flesh, savory taste, and the absence of muddy odor. These advantages are presumed to be associated with the presence of gut microbiota, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which have potential as probiotics. This study aimed to obtain lactic acid bacteria isolates from the gastrointestinal tract of tilapia, evaluate their enzymatic activities, and determine potential probiotic candidates. The research employed an exploratory method through bacterial isolation, LAB screening using de Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar (MRSA), enzymatic activity assays, morphological and biochemical identification, and molecular analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that 12 bacterial isolates were successfully grown on MRSA medium. Ten isolates exhibited amylase activity, while all isolates demonstrated lipase and protease activities, indicated by the formation of clear zones around the bacterial colonies. Isolate UNR.11 showed the highest enzymatic activities with clear zone diameters of 25.5 ± 2.80 mm for amylase, 20.4 ± 1.2 mm for lipase, and 22.7 ± 4.06 mm for protease activity. Based on macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, and 16S rDNA sequence analyses, isolate UNR.11 was identified as Bacillus cereus with 99% similarity. This isolate has potential as a probiotic candidate due to its ability to produce digestive enzymes, namely amylase, lipase, and protease, which may support digestion and nutrient utilization in fish.

FATTY ACID BIOENCAPSULATION IN Daphnia sp. TO ENHANCE THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF CATFISH (Clarias sp.) LARVAE

Sheny Permatasari — 2026-06-17

EFFORTS TO INCREASE THE SHELF LIFE OF RED NILE FISH MEATBALLS (Oreochromis niloticus) BY ADDING LIQUID SMOKE

Ardi Lesmana Saputra — 2026-06-17

Red tilapia fish meatballs are a popular processed fishery product because they have a taste liked by various groups and are relatively affordable, making them accessible to all. However, red tilapia fish meatballs have a short shelf life, so safe, natural preservation methods are needed; one is liquid smoke. This study aims to determine the effects of soaking time and the addition of liquid smoke on the shelf-life of red tilapia fish meatballs (Oreochromis niloticus) during a shelf-life test. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two treatment factors: soaking time (30 minutes and 45 minutes) and liquid smoke at 1.5% and 3%. Analysis of red tilapia fish meatballs included testing for water content, ash content, total acid, total phenols, texture, a sensory test, and a shelf-life test. The results showed that the addition of liquid smoke significantly increased ash content and total acid, decreased water content, improved texture, and increased the shelf life of fish meatballs. The total acid analysis yielded values of 0.14%-0.36%, and the total phenol content yielded values of 0.06%-0.15%. Meanwhile, the analysis of fish meatball products included texture characteristics such as hardness (254.8-351.4), cohesiveness (0.87-0.93), and springiness (0.83-1.00). The moisture content analysis yielded values of 5.07%-5.73%, and the ash content analysis yielded values of 1.85%-2.82%. Based on the research results, liquid smoke is an effective natural preservative that improves the quality and shelf life of red tilapia fish meatballs.

PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF FRESH AND PROCESSED MANGROVE SNAIL Telescopium telescopium

Bernita br. Silaban — 2026-06-17

The mangrove snail Telescopium telescopium has long been utilized by communities in Olong Village, Central Maluku, as a food source. However, scientific information regarding the nutritional composition of fresh and processed Telescopium telescopium is still limited. This study aimed to determine the proximate composition of fresh and processed mangrove snail Telescopium telescopium, including crispy fried, pepes, and satay products. This research employed an experimental method. The treatments consisted of fresh Telescopium telescopium (A₀), crispy fried (A₁), pepes (A₂), and satay (A₃). The parameters analyzed included moisture, ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrate contents. The results showed that the proximate composition of fresh mangrove snail consisted of 72.52% moisture, 1.02% ash, 0.70% fat, 23.88% protein, and 1.88% carbohydrates. After processing, changes in proximate composition were observed. The crispy fried contained 28.59% moisture, 4.75% ash, 11.75% fat, 33.03% protein, and 21.88% carbohydrates. The pepes product contained 65.29% moisture, 2.78% ash, 4.76% fat, 24.36% protein, and 2.81% carbohydrates. Meanwhile, the satay product contained 49.10% moisture, 3.22% ash, 8.22% fat, 27.34% protein, and 12.20% carbohydrates. Therefore, processing methods affect the proximate composition of mangrove snail meat Telescopium telescopium.

CARBON POTENTIAL OF MACROALGAE IN THE COAST OF KAUR REGENCY, BENGKULU PROVINCE

Ana Ariasari — 2026-06-17

Macroalgae as one of the productive tropical coastal ecosystems have the potential as primary producers in fixing marine organic carbon, as carbon absorbers, and carbon biosequesters. Kaur Regency has complete macroalgae biodiversity including the Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and Phaeophyta groups estimated to have potential blue carbon reserves. Research related to macroalgae in Kaur Regency is still limited to the distribution of macroalgae biodiversity and density, so, it is necessary to study the above ground carbon stock of macroalgae as a baseline for coastal blue carbon management in the future. This study aims to examine the carbon content of macroalgae species found in the coastal of Kaur Regency. Field surveys were conducted to collect shoot density and harvesting data of macroalgae species. Macroalgae data were collected using the quadrat transect method measuring 1 x 1 m. Macroalgae samples were tested in the laboratory to calculate the bound carbon value of macroalgae types. The result showed that macroalgae lived on the coast of Kaur Regency have carbon potential vary among the species. Carbon potential is dominated by Padina minor with 585.26 gC/m², while Tricleocarpa fragilis has the lowest carbon value with 0.86 gC/m².

TEMPORAL TRENDS IN FISHING GEAR COMPOSITION AND FLEET MODERNIZATION IN EAST NUSA TENGGARA 2019–2024

Joi Alfreddi Surbakti — 2026-06-17

East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is one of Indonesia's most biologically productive fishing zones, yet its capture fisheries sector has experienced a sustained contraction in gear deployment over the 2019–2024 period. This study analyzes temporal trends in fishing gear composition and fleet structure across all 22 regencies using an integrated provincial dataset of 3,919 gear-observation records. Province-wide gear counts fell from 59,161 units in 2019 to 29,960 units in 2024 a decline of 49.4%. A Pettitt change-point test places the structural break between 2021 and 2022, consistent with the regulatory and economic disruptions of that period. A negative binomial regression confirms that year, regency, vessel size class, and water type are all significant predictors of gear count. Shannon diversity indices show a sharp contraction in gear portfolio breadth (mean H' from 1.74 in 2019 to 1.55 in 2024), with substantial inter-regency heterogeneity. Ward's hierarchical clustering identifies four distinct fleet archetypes: gill-net–dominant, line-gear dominant, mixed-gear transitional, and trap-based coastal systems. Non-motorized boat gear declined by 60.4%, while medium-class vessels (21–30 GT) expanded by 339%. The findings indicate a structural shift toward motorized, selective gear systems, with implications for sustainable management, effort licensing, and spatial planning in eastern Indonesian waters.

THE FATE OF THE ‘MARITIME GIANT’: WHY HAS THE FISHERIES SECTOR'S CONTRIBUTION TO GDP REMAINED BELOW 3% FOR A DECADE?

Erlinda Argiyanti — 2026-06-17

The fisheries sector is a vital pillar of Indonesia's maritime economy, yet its contribution to the national GDP continues to face structural stagnation. This study aims to analyze the influence of specific fisheries sector variables, namely: Domestic Investment (PMDN) in Fisheries, Foreign Investment (PMA) in Fisheries, Fisheries Production Volume, and Fisheries Export Value on the Fisheries GDP in Indonesia for the 2015-2025 period. The analytical method employed is multiple linear regression using the double log model. The results indicate that simultaneously, all independent variables in the fisheries sector significantly influence the Fisheries GDP. However, partially, only Domestic Investment (PMDN) in Fisheries has a positive and significant impact. Conversely, Foreign Investment (PMA) in Fisheries, Fisheries Production Volume, and Fisheries Export Value do not show a significant effect. The lack of significance among these variables suggests structural constraints, such as low product downstreaming, logistical inefficiencies, and the negative impact of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing, which leads to a leakage of economic value-added before it can be recorded in the national GDP. This study recommends that the government strengthen the domestic capital base and tighten maritime surveillance to suppress fish poaching. A downstreaming strategy for fisheries export products is key to ensuring that physical production capacity can be optimally converted into economic value-added for national GDP growth.

OPTIMIZATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ATTRACTANTS IN COMMERCIAL FEED TO INCREASE ABSOLUTE WEIGHT GROWTH AND MOLTING FREQUENCY OF FRESHWATER LOBSTER (Cherax quadricarinatus)

Gilang Ramadhan Rasendriya Fawwas — 2026-06-17

ECONOMIC VALUATION OF GRONJONG WARITI ECOTOURISM AREA IN KEDIRI REGENCY

Rachintha Fica Novita Sari — 2026-06-17

Ecotourism development in Indonesia requires optimal management of available resource potential. Gronjong Wariti Ecotourism, located in Mejono Village, Plemahan District, Kediri Regency, is a community-based tourism destination that optimizes the balance between terrestrial ecosystems and river aquatic environments into fishery ecotourism. This tourism site adopts an educational tourism concept with facilities including tilapia, catfish, and comet fish ponds for live feeding activities, as well as fish therapy using Garra rufa. This research aims to analyze visitor assessments and calculate the economic value of Gronjong Wariti Ecotourism area using the Travel Cost Method approach. The study employs a descriptive method with quantitative and qualitative approaches through data collection techniques including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The research sample of 30 respondents was determined using the linear time function formula. Research variables include independent variables namely travel costs, distance, income, education, age, gender, and transportation, as well as the dependent variable of visit demand quantity. The Travel Cost Method is used to calculate the economic value of resources with a regression model to determine the influence of each factor and calculate consumer surplus through Willingness to Pay analysis. The research results are expected to provide recommendations for managers regarding ecotourism area development and contribute academic information about economic valuation of fishery tourism areas.

FECUNDITY AND BIOMASS OF Artemia franciscana FED DIFFERENT FEED TYPES

Putri Anugerah — 2026-06-17

Artemia franciscana is an essential live food in fish and shrimp hatchery operations, whose nutritional value is significantly influenced by the feed provided during culture. Providing high-quality, cost-effective feed remains a major challenge in the mass production of A. franciscana. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different feed types on the fecundity and biomass of Artemia franciscana. The experiment was conducted at the Nutrition and Natural Feed Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Mulawarman University, over 30 days (August–September 2024). A completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications (n = 16 experimental units) was employed. Treatments consisted of P1 (spirulina flour), P2 (soybean meal), P3 (palm kernel cake), and P4 (a mixture of spirulina flour, soybean meal, and palm kernel cake at 1:1:1 w/w ratio). Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 95% confidence level. Results demonstrated that feed type had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the fecundity and biomass of A. franciscana. The highest fecundity was achieved in P4 (100.00 ± 4.40 nauplii/female), followed by P1 (86.00 ± 3.37 nauplii/female), P2 (71.25 ± 2.99 nauplii/female), and P3 (53.75 ± 3.50 nauplii/female). The highest final biomass was similarly recorded in P4 (1.75 ± 0.07 g/L), followed by P1 (1.49 ± 0.06 g/L), P2 (1.23 ± 0.05 g/L), and P3 (0.92 ± 0.05 g/L). All treatments differed significantly from each other based on DMRT (P<0.05). Water quality parameters remained within ranges supportive of A. franciscana survival and reproduction throughout the study. The mixed feed provided a more balanced nutrient profile, yielding the highest reproductive performance and biomass accumulation in Artemia franciscana.

OBSERVATION OF WATER QUALITY FOR THE CULTIVATION OF CANTANG GROUPER IN PULO PANJANG, SERANG BANTEN

Lubi Yazid Al Jazari — 2026-06-17

Water is a cultivation medium that serves as a habitat for cultivated organisms. Information regarding its quality standards is necessary for the feasibility of fish culture. Cultivated organisms will experience changes, either directly or indirectly, if the aquatic environment they inhabit is unstable. This study aims to determine the suitability of Pulo Panjang waters for Cantang grouper cultivation based on its water quality standards. In this study, a purposive sampling method was used to determine the observation stations. The research parameters observed in situ were dissolved oxygen using the Winkler method, water depth using measuring tape, water transparency using a Secchi disk, salinity using a refractometer, pH using a pH meter, temperature using a thermometer, and current velocity using the Langrangian method. Moreover, the parameters observed ex situ were nitrate using the APHA method for nitrate measurement and phosphate using the APHA method for phosphate measurement. Observations of the research parameters were carried out three times every two weeks. The results of the parameter measurements obtained were then scored and compared with those of the water suitability class. Observations show that station 1 falls into the marginally suitable category (S3) with a score of 68%, station 2 falls into the marginally suitable category (S3) with a score of 68%, and station 3 falls into the unsuitable category (N) with a score of 64%. These findings indicate that the water quality at stations 1 and 2 is suitable, and station 3 is not suitable for use in Cantang grouper cultivation activity.

INCOME ANALYSIS AND BUSINESS FEASIBILITY OF HOUSEHOLD-SCALE SALTED FISH PROCESSING IN PASAR BANTAL VILLAGE, MUKOMUKO REGENCY

Nur Lina Maratana Nabiu — 2026-06-17

Salted fish processing represents an important livelihood activity for many coastal households, providing opportunities to increase the value of fishery products while generating additional income. This study assessed the income and financial feasibility of household-scale salted fish processing businesses in Pasar Bantal Village, Teramang Jaya District, Mukomuko Regency. The research was conducted from December 2025 to January 2026 using a quantitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving 15 salted fish processors selected from the local processing community. Economic performance was evaluated through analyses of production costs, revenue, net income, and Return Cost Ratio (RCR). The results revealed that the average production cost was IDR 12,016,311 per year, while the average annual revenue reached IDR 29,232,000. Consequently, processors obtained an average net income of IDR 17,215,689 per year. The average RCR value was 2.44, indicating that revenues were more than twice the production costs incurred. These findings demonstrate that household-scale salted fish processing in Pasar Bantal Village is financially feasible and capable of generating positive economic returns. Business sustainability is supported by the availability of raw materials, low capital requirements, the utilization of family labor, and relatively stable market demand. The study highlights the potential of salted fish processing as a livelihood diversification strategy that can contribute to strengthening the economic resilience of coastal households.

BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS ANALYSIS OF A PANGASIUS NURSERY FARM IN PASIR GAOK, BOGOR REGENCY

Apriana Vinasyiam — 2026-06-20

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing food production sector that plays a vital role in national food security. This study aims to analyze the business model of a Pangasius nursery farm located in Pasir Gaok, Rancabungur District, Bogor Regency, using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) framework. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with primary data collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and documentation. The results indicate that the Pangasius nursery farm serves local collectors, market traders, and individual buyers, offering consistent fish quality and stable pricing. Feed constitutes the largest cost component, while revenue is mainly derived from the sale of fingerlings. The discussion highlights that business success depends on cost efficiency, effective technical management, and partnerships with research institutions that foster innovation and sustainability in aquaculture enterprises.

ANALYSIS OF THE GROWTH RATE AND MOULTING FREQUENCY OF MUD CRAB (Scylla serrata) UNDER DIFFERENT REARING SUBSTRATES

Asti Amalia — 2026-06-20

Mud crab (Scylla serrata) is a high-value fishery commodity, but the success of its culture is
still influenced by growth and moulting processes. This study aimed to analyze the effects of
different rearing substrates on the growth rate, moulting frequency, and moulting time of mud
crab. The study was conducted at the Dakota Crab Culture Facility, Mataram City, and the
Aquaculture Environment Laboratory, Aquaculture Study Program, University of Mataram.
An experimental method was used with two treatments, namely P1, a beach sand substrate, and
P2, a beach sand substrate with the addition of mangrove leaves. Rearing was carried out in
crab boxes connected to a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS). The main parameters
included moulting frequency, moulting time, absolute weight gain, absolute length growth,
Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and Survival Rate (SR). The data were analyzed using a two
sample t-test assuming unequal variances at the 5% level. The results showed that substrate
differences had no significant effect on any parameter (p>0.05). Descriptively, treatment P2
produced a higher moulting frequency of 0.500±0.534 times/day than P1 at 0.375±0.517
times/day. Moulting time in P2 was also slightly faster, at 38.00±16.4 days, whereas P1 was
39.67±11.3 days. Thus, the combination of beach sand and mangrove leaves tended to be better
for moulting frequency and moulting time, but the differences were not statistically significant.
Keywords: Growth; Mangrove Leaves; Moulting; Moulting Time; Mud Crab; Substrate

EFFECTIVENESS OF MALEIZATION OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) SEEDS BY SOAKING IN COCONUT WATER

Fathin Maulana Putra Wardana — 2026-06-20

Market demand, especially the export market, requires tilapia with an average weight of more
than 500 g. To achieve a size of 500 g, farmers experience obstacles requiring a long time,
especially because the growth of female tilapia is slower than male tilapia. The purpose of this
study was to produce a higher ratio of male tilapia seeds. The research design was a completely
randomized design with 2 treatments and three replications. The treatment tested was soaking
tilapia seeds with 40% coconut water compared to the control. Parameters measured included
male sex ratio, survival, biomass and feed conversion. The results showed that coconut water
soaking significantly increased the male sex ratio to 71.8% compared to the control of 56.7%.
The average weight of fish soaked in coconut water was higher with a significant difference of
7.17 g compared to 3.17 and biomass of 1,100 g compared to 571 g. The feed conversion of
treated fish was lower and a significant difference of 1.5 compared to the control of 2.9. The
research results can be used by fish breeders to produce high-quality fry with good production
performance and efficiency in artificial use.

IDENTIFICATION AND PREVALENCE OF Edwardsiella tarda BACTERIA INFECTING TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) AT CV SERAMBI IKAN CENTER, LAMBARO

Fauzia Malina — 2026-06-20

Edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative pathogen that can cause serious disease in fish, including mass mortality. Tilapia fish infected with E. tarda bacteria show clinical symptoms such as sore skin, swelling and decreased appetite. Bacterial identification was carried out at the SKIPM Laboratory, Aceh Besar, to confirm the presence of E. tarda using biochemical tests. The target organs taken for the isolation process are the liver, kidneys and spleen. This research uses a descriptive survey method with sampling using a purposive sampling technique. The results of the research show the morphological characteristics of the bacterial colony which, when viewed from above, is round, flat, intact and whitish in color. The observation table data from the identification results showed that two fish samples with sample codes N5 and N7 were infected with Edwardsiella tarda bacteria in the same target organ, namely the liver. Bacteriological examination through biochemical tests, Edwardsiella tarda bacteria showed negative results in the 3% KOH test, positive in the indole test, and negative in the oxidase test. The prevalence rate of bacterial attacks obtained from the 10 fish samples used was 20% of the total samples.

POLICY ANALYSIS AND EMPOWERMENT STRATEGY BASED ON DIGITAL COOPERATIVES FOR SMALL-SCALE FISHERS

Darmawan Darmawan — 2026-06-20

Small-scale fishers in Indonesia continue to face structural poverty associated with unequal access to markets, financing, information, technology, and economic institutions. The increase in national capture fisheries production has not always been accompanied by improved fisher welfare, as economic benefits within the fisheries value chain remain unevenly distributed. This study aims to identify the structural factors underlying the disempowerment of small-scale fishers, evaluate the limitations of fishers’ economic institutions, and formulate an empowerment strategy through digital cooperatives. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using literature review and secondary data analysis. Data were obtained from documents published by Statistics Indonesia, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs, and relevant scientific literature. The analysis was conducted through issue identification, secondary data synthesis, thematic triangulation, and strategy formulation. The findings show that the disempowerment of small-scale fishers is shaped by their weak bargaining position in the value chain, dependence on market intermediaries and informal financing, and the suboptimal functioning of fishers’ cooperatives. Digital cooperatives can serve as an empowerment strategy by strengthening transaction recording, institutional transparency, access to price information, marketing of fish catches, and linkages with formal financial institutions. However, their success requires digital literacy, sound cooperative governance, member trust, digital infrastructure, continuous facilitation, and consistent policy support

STUDY OF SQUID HANDLINE OPERATION TECHNIQUES AND CATCH RESULTS IN ARAFURA WATERS

Noventius Manek — 2026-06-20

Arafura waters are one of the main squid (Loligo sp.) fishing areas in Indonesia with an important contribution to national capture fisheries production. This study aims to describe the squid handline operation technique and analyze the types and quantities of catches on KM. Bandar Nelayan 118 based in Benoa Harbor, Bali. The study was conducted in October–November 2023 through direct observation on board, interviews with the captain and crew, and documentation of fishing activities. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that squid handline operations were carried out at night with the help of 2000 watt metal halide lamps, using four main techniques, namely bottom fishing (ahe-ahe), mid-line fishing (kokokan), surface fishing (lempang), and sate fishing. Fishing gear is selective and only catches Loligo sp. squid without bycatch. The total catch during the study reached approximately 9,902 kg, with daily fluctuations influenced by currents, baiting techniques, bait color, and the location of the catch. This study demonstrates that squid handline fishing on the KM. Bandar Nelayan 118 is effective, selective, and has the potential to support sustainable capture fisheries in the Arafura Waters.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FEEDING FREQUENCIES ON THE ABSOLUTE GROWTH OF WHITELEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) SIZE PL 6 (30 DAYS)

Medi Hartono — 2026-06-20

Whiteleg shrimp farming is a significant and leading aquaculture industry in Indonesia. One of the main challenges faced by shrimp farmers is the high cost of feed. Appropriate feeding frequency is crucial to improve feed efficiency, supporting growth, FCR, and survival rates of whiteleg shrimp. This article aims to determine the Effect of Different Feeding Frequencies on the Absolute Growth of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at the PL 6 stage (30 days old) and their health status, as well as to identify the optimal feeding frequency for achieving peak absolute weight gain and shrimp health. The methodology employed in this study is experimental, with data collected through direct observational methods. The experimental design used is a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 6 replications of varying feeding frequencies: Treatment (A): 3 times per day. Treatment (B): 4 times per day. Treatment (C): 5 times per day. Treatment (D): 6 times per day. The results of this study indicate that the frequency of feeding results in a difference in the growth of vaname shrimp body weight with treatment B with the highest value which will result in profits in vaname shrimp cultivation production.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENDOPARASITE INFECTIONS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF RED TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) UNDER DIFFERENT AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS

Afriliyanti Harun — 2026-06-20

Red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a freshwater commodity that is widely cultivated and has become one of the most popular fish for consumption among communities. Red tilapia is extensively farmed because it has several advantages, such as rapid growth, tolerance to both low and high temperatures, and euryhaline characteristics. In addition to these advantages, red tilapia farming also has weaknesses, one of which is parasitic infection. One of the causes of decreased productivity is parasite infection. Parasites are microorganisms that can infect many fish species; therefore, the researcher is interested in conducting this study to increase knowledge about the types of endoparasites, which is very important to facilitate handling when fish are infected by endoparasites. This research will be conducted for one month, and fish samples will be collected from different aquaculture systems. Parasite observations will be carried out at the Laboratory of the Fish Quarantine Station for Quality Control and Safety of Fishery Products (SKIPM) Class I Gorontalo. This study uses a descriptive method with a comparative approach. This research method is intended to describe every existing phenomenon, which may include forms, activities, characteristics, changes, relationships, similarities, and differences among phenomena (Rosita et al., 2023). When this method is combined with a comparative approach, the focus is on comparing two or more groups. Endoparasite examination will be conducted using the native method. The target organs examined include the digestive tract organs, namely the stomach and intestine

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF NILE TILAPIA AQUACULTURE IN THE NILE TILAPIA CULTIVATION VILLAGE AREA, MATARAM CITY

Wiwik Susanti — 2026-06-20

The Aquaculture Village (KPB) in Mataram City is one of the government's efforts to improve community welfare, create food security and become a strategy to spur competitive tilapia productivity. Currently, the development of Aquaculture Villages faces challenges due to high land conversion, increase in fish feed prices, declining water quality, lack of technology adoption and weak marketing systems. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of tilapia farming business in aquaculture village areas based on technical, market, management, and financial aspects. The research uses qualitative descriptive methods and financial feasibility analysis calculations. The results of the study show that the development of tilapia farming business is still constrained in technical, management and marketing aspects. In the financial aspect, the tilapia cultivation business is feasible to run both in the short and long term. The results of the short-term financial analysis showed an R/C value of 1.28, profit of IDR 285,063,750/cycle and a profitability of 28.44%. The long-term analysis shows a positive NPV value of IDR 2.46 billion, Net B/C of 6.3, and IRR of 49%, with PP for 11 months.

CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF VANNAMEI SHRIMP HEAD (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI) POWDERED BROTH EXTRACTION PRODUCTS WITH DIFFERENT FILLING INGREDIENTS

Bagus Hadiwinata — 2026-06-20

This study was conducted to investigate the production process of powdered broth, evaluate consumer acceptance of various formulations using wheat flour, cornstarch, tapioca starch, and rice flour, analyze the quality characteristics, identify the optimal formulation, and assess the quality of the selected product. The manufacturing process starts from washing, boiling, refining, filtering, adding fillers, drying, second refining, sieving, and packaging. The hedonic test involved 30 panelists with the best results in formula F3 (wheat flour: tapioca). Descriptive tests (spider web) and chemical tests (proximate) and microbiology (ALT) were also conducted. There are four types of formulations in making powdered broth, namely with the addition of wheat flour, cornstarch, tapioca, and rice flour. Based on the data obtained from the hedonic results, consumers prefer powdered broth with tapioca flour filler, because it has superior color, aroma, taste, texture, and solubility characteristics compared to other formulas. Several previous studies have proven the effectiveness of using natural fillers for making powdered broth based on shrimp head waste. Besides being a natural flavoring that is tasty and nutritious, powdered stock from shrimp head waste is also an effort to diversify fishery-based products that supports the principle of sustainable and environmentally friendly waste processing

THE EFFECT OF STOCKING DENSITY ON THE SURVIVAL RATE OF SIAMESE CATFISH (Pangasius hypophthalmus) FINGERLINGS (3-5 CM) IN A CLOSED WET TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Rinohadi Kusuma Atmadja — 2026-06-20

Siamese catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is one of the leading freshwater commodities and has high economic value in Indonesia. Increasing cultivation intensity to meetdomestic and export market demand has direct implications for the high demand for quality seeds. Closed wet transportation is an important part of aquaculture activities. This method has significant advantages in terms of logistics efficiency. This study aims to assess the effect of density on closed wet transportation systems on the survival of Siamese catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) seeds with a size of 3-5 cm. This study is expected to provide recommendations for the transportation of the density of Siamese catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) in size 3-5 cm. This study uses the analysis method of normality tests in spss, variety homogeneity tests, variety fingerprints and the smallest real difference (BNT). Treatment A = Fish density 100 fish/liter (0) (Control Treatment, Treatment B = 150 fish/liter, Treatment C = 200 fish/liter, Treatment D = 250 fish/liter. From the study, the most optimal density of Siamese catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is the highest which is 200 fish/liter with an average SR of 98.08%. With water quality including: water temperature: 26.1 °C – 26.8 °C, water pH: 6.1 – 6.9 and Dissolved Oxygen (DO): 2.0 – 6.3 ppm.